Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine language by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques. There are thousands of different programming languages—some intended to be general purpose, others useful only for highly specialized applications.
| Lists of programming languages | Timeline of programming languages, Categorical list of programming languages, Generational list of programming languages, Alphabetical list of programming languages, Non-English-based programming languages |
| Commonly used Assembly languages | ARM, MIPS, x86 |
| Commonly used High level languages | BASIC, C, C++, C#, COBOL, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Pascal |
| Commonly used Scripting languages | Bourne script, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, PHP, P |
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